TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 17
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 17
1.2 DEFINITION 17
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 18
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 18
1.3.2 GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE 18
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 19
1.4 CURRENCY 19
1.5 LIMITATIONS 19
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 20
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 21
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 22
2.1.1.1 Major secondary sources 22
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 23
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 23
2.1.2.1 Breakdown of primaries 23
2.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources 24
2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 25
2.1.3.1 Key industry insights 26
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 27
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 27
2.2.1.1 Approach for capturing market size by bottom-up analysis 27
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 28
2.2.2.1 Approach for capturing market size by top-down analysis 28
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 29
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 30
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 31
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 35
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET 35
4.2 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TYPE AND OFFERING 36
4.3 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 37
4.4 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY APPLICATION 37
4.5 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY REGION 38
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 39
5.1 MARKET DYNAMICS 39
5.1.1 DRIVERS 39
5.1.1.1 Effective solution to overcome traffic congestion with improved traffic flow per lane 39
5.1.1.2 Increased allocation of funds for the deployment of ITS by various governments 40
5.1.1.3 Reduced environmental pollution using ETC systems 41
5.1.1.4 Improved convenience due to cashless travel facility 41
5.1.1.5 Development of smart cities across the world 41
5.1.2 RESTRAINTS 42
5.1.2.1 Slow growth in infrastructure sector in underdeveloped countries 42
5.1.2.2 High operating costs 42
5.1.3 OPPORTUNITIES 43
5.1.3.1 Increasing investment opportunities in economically and technologically developing countries 43
5.1.3.2 Rising number of Public–Private Partnership (PPP) agreements in transportation sector 43
5.1.3.3 Increasing transition to All-Electronic Tolling (AET) systems 44
5.1.4 CHALLENGES 44
5.1.4.1 Challenges related to interoperability, standardization, and
toll technology selection 44
5.2 VALUE CHAIN: ETC MARKET 45
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS 46
6.1 INTEROPERABILITY TYPES AND BURNING ISSUES 46
6.1.1 INTEROPERABILITY OF NETWORK, DEVICES, AND CONTRACTS IN TOLLING 46
6.1.2 NEED FOR IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE 47
6.1.3 STAGNANT GAS TAX RATES IN AMERICAS 47
7 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TYPE 48
7.1 INTRODUCTION 49
7.2 TRANSPONDER- OR TAG-BASED TOLLING SYSTEMS 50
7.2.1 TRANSPONDERS/TAGS HAVE WITNESSED HIGH ADOPTION DUE THEIR APPLICABILITY IN RFID, DSRC AND SATELLITE BASED TOLLING 50
7.3 OTHER TOLLING SYSTEMS 51
7.3.1 USE OF VIDEO ANALYTICS DECREASES THE POSSIBILITY OF SCAMS AND FRAUDS RELATED TO TOLL VIOLATION 51
8 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 53
8.1 INTRODUCTION 54
8.2 RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) 55
8.2.1 RFID TAGS ARE CHEAPER AS COMPARED TO GNSS AND DSRC TAGS 55
8.3 DEDICATED SHORT-RANGE COMMUNICATION (DSRC) 56
8.3.1 DSRC BASED TAGS REMAIN UNAFFECTED BY PRIVACY/DATA PROTECTION ISSUES 56
8.4 OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 59
8.4.1 VIDEO ANALYTICS /ANPR/ALPR 59
8.4.1.1 Video analytics helps in the identification of vehicles with invalid tags passing through the toll systems 59
8.4.2 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM/GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GNSS/GPS) 59
8.4.2.1 The popularity of satellite based tolling is increasing owing to its less infrastructural costs 59
8.4.3 WEIGHT-BASED TOLLING 60
8.4.3.1 By detecting overloaded vehicles, weigh-based tolling have additionally contributed to the safety of the vehicles 60
9 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY OFFERING 61
9.1 INTRODUCTION 62
9.2 HARDWARE 63
9.2.1 HARDWARE OF ETC SYSTEMS COMPRISES OF ROADSIDE EQUIPMENT AND ON-BOARD UNITS (OBUS) 63
9.3 BACK OFFICE AND OTHER SERVICES 63
9.3.1 BACK OFFICE SERVICES CONTRIBUTE TO ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT, BILLING, LEGAL SUPPORT, AND INQUIRY HANDLING 63
10 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY APPLICATION 66
10.1 INTRODUCTION 67
10.2 HIGHWAYS 68
10.2.1 HIGHWAYS IS THE PROMINENT APPLICATION FOR THE ETC SYSTEMS 68
10.3 URBAN AREAS 69
10.3.1 ETC SYSTEMS HAVE HELPED IN REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION ISSUES IN URBAN AREAS 69
11 PARAMETERS FOR CHARGING TOLL AMOUNT 71
11.1 INTRODUCTION 71
11.2 DISTANCE BASED 71
11.2.1 DISTANCE BASED TOLLING IS CATEGORIZED AS CLOSED TOLLING AND OPEN TOLLING 71
11.3 POINT BASED 72
11.3.1 POINT BASED TOLLING CHARGES FIXED AMOUNT OF TOLLING IRRESPECTIVE OF THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED 72
11.4 TIME BASED 72
11.4.1 TIME BASED TOLLING CHARGES DRIVERS FOR UTILIZING PARTIAL OR WHOLE ROAD NETWORK 72
11.5 PERIMETER BASED 72
11.5.1 PERIMETER BASED TOLLING IS ALSO REFERRED AS CONGESTION CHARGE AT SOME PLACES 72
12 GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS 73
12.1 INTRODUCTION 74
12.2 AMERICAS 75
12.2.1 NORTH AMERICA 79
12.2.1.1 US 79
12.2.1.1.1 US is the largest market for ETC in North America region 79
12.2.1.2 Canada 80
12.2.1.2.1 Canada ETC market is expected to grow at a higher CAGR owing to significant investment by ETC players 80
12.2.1.3 Mexico 81
12.2.1.3.1 Highways are expected to be the largest contributors in the ETC market of Mexico 81
12.2.2 SOUTH AMERICA 84
12.2.2.1 Brazil 84
12.2.2.1.1 Sao Paulo was the first Multi-Lane Free-Flow (MLFF) toll system in Brazil in 2013 84
12.2.2.2 Rest of South America 85
12.2.2.2.1 Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Guyana are the major contributors to the ETC market in Rest of South America 85
12.3 EUROPE 87
12.3.1 UK 90
12.3.1.1 Enhanced technologies, increased concerns to address traffic problems to drive ETC market in the UK 90
12.3.2 GERMANY 91
12.3.2.1 Advanced transportation infrastructure in Germany has propelled the growth of ETC systems 91
12.3.3 FRANCE 92
12.3.3.1 Deployment of ETC systems is well established in France 92
12.3.4 ITALY 92
12.3.4.1 Italy has resolved interoperability issue with the use of Telepass 92
12.3.5 REST OF EUROPE 93
12.3.5.1 Economies such as Austria, Ireland, and Spain to drive ETC market in this region 93
12.4 APAC 95
12.4.1 JAPAN 98
12.4.1.1 Japan is among the major ETC contributors in the APAC region 98
12.4.2 CHINA 99
12.4.2.1 Heavy investment by the government in ITS has propelled the growth of ETC market in China 99
12.4.3 SOUTH KOREA 100
12.4.3.1 South Korea has done major developments in electronic tolling systems like Hi-Pass cards 100
12.4.4 AUSTRALIA 101
12.4.4.1 ETC market in Australia is expected to grow at a high CAGR during forecast period 101
12.4.5 REST OF APAC 101
12.4.5.1 Emerging economies to drive the ETC market in rest of APAC 101
12.5 ROW 103
12.5.1 MIDDLE EAST 106
12.5.1.1 UAE 106
12.5.1.1.1 UAE has well organized ETC market with Salik 106
12.5.1.2 Rest of Middle East 106
12.5.1.2.1 Deployment of ETC systems in Rest of Middle East is expected to grow in the upcoming years 106
12.5.2 AFRICA 107
12.5.2.1 South Africa 107
12.5.2.1.1 SANRAL is an operator of the toll roads in South Africa 107
12.5.2.2 Rest of Africa 108
12.5.2.2.1 Rest of Africa to grow gradually in the upcoming years owing to the improved need of infrastructure 108
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 109
13.1 OVERVIEW 109
13.2 MARKET RANKING ANALYSIS (2017) 110
13.3 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 112
13.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (TOP 5 PLAYERS) 112
13.4.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 112
13.4.2 PARTNERSHIPS/COLLABORATIONS/AGREEMENTS/ACQUISITIONS 113
14 COMPANY PROFILES 114
(Business Overview, Products and Services Offered, Recent Developments, SWOT Analysis, and MnM View)*
14.1 KEY PLAYERS 114
14.1.1 KAPSCH TRAFFICCOM AG 114
14.1.2 TRANSCORE (ROPER TECHNOLOGIES) 119
14.1.3 RAYTHEON COMPANY 123
14.1.4 CONDUENT INCORPORATED (FORMERLY XEROX CORPORATION) 126
14.1.5 THALES GROUP 129
14.1.6 CUBIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, INC. 132
14.1.7 VINCI 135
14.1.8 SIEMENS AG 137
14.1.9 EFKON GMBH 139
14.1.10 NEOLOGY (FORMERLY 3M) 142
14.2 OTHER KEY PLAYERS 144
14.2.1 TOSHIBA 144
14.2.2 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. 144
14.2.3 ABERTIS 145
14.2.4 Q-FREE 145
14.2.5 QUARTERHILL (INTERNATIONAL ROAD DYNAMICS) 146
14.2.6 TECSIDEL S.A. 146
14.2.7 PERCEPTICS 147
14.2.8 STAR SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL 147
14.2.9 G.E.A. 148
14.2.10 ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION CONSULTANTS (ETC) CORPORATION 148
14.2.11 ARH INC. 149
14.2.12 SOCIEDAD IBÉRICA DE CONSTRUCCIONES ELÉCTRICAS, S.A. (SICE) 149
14.2.13 AUTOSTRADE PER L’ITALIA SPA (ATLANTIA) 150
14.2.14 JENOPTIK 150
14.2.15 NORBIT 151
14.3 KEY INNOVATORS 152
14.3.1 FAR EASTERN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION CO. (FETC) 152
14.3.2 TOLL COLLECT GMBH 152
14.3.3 GEOTOLL 153
14.3.4 INDRA SISTEMAS, S.A. 153
14.3.5 KISTLER GROUP 154
14.3.6 AMERICAN TRAFFIC SOLUTIONS 154
*Details on Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, SWOT Analysis, and MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
15 APPENDIX 155
15.1 INSIGHTS OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS 155
15.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 156
15.3 KNOWLEDGE STORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 159
15.4 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATIONS 161
15.5 RELATED REPORTS 161
15.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 162
TABLE 1 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TYPE, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 49
TABLE 2 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR TRANSPONDER/TAG-BASED TOLLING SYSTEMS, BY REGION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 50
TABLE 3 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR OTHER TOLLING SYSTEMS,
BY REGION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 52
TABLE 4 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 55
TABLE 5 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGY,
BY REGION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 56
TABLE 6 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR DSRC TECHNOLOGY,
BY REGION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 58
TABLE 7 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR OTHER TECHNOLOGIES, BY REGION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 60
TABLE 8 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 62
TABLE 9 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR HARDWARE, BY REGION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 63
TABLE 10 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR BACK OFFICE AND OTHER SERVICES, BY REGION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 65
TABLE 11 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 67
TABLE 12 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR HIGHWAYS, BY REGION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 68
TABLE 13 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR URBAN AREAS, BY REGION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 70
TABLE 14 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY REGION,2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 74
TABLE 15 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AMERICAS, BY REGION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 76
TABLE 16 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 76
TABLE 17 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 77
TABLE 18 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AMERICAS, BY TYPE,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 77
TABLE 19 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AMERICAS, BY TECHNOLOGY,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 78
TABLE 20 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AMERICAS, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 78
TABLE 21 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AMERICAS, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 78
TABLE 22 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN US, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 80
TABLE 23 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN CANADA, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 81
TABLE 24 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN MEXICO, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 82
TABLE 25 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY TYPE,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 82
TABLE 26 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 82
TABLE 27 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY OFFERING, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 83
TABLE 28 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY APPLICATION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 83
TABLE 29 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA, BY TYPE,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 85
TABLE 30 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 85
TABLE 31 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA, BY OFFERING, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 86
TABLE 32 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA, BY APPLICATION, 2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 86
TABLE 33 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 87
TABLE 34 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN EUROPE, BY TYPE,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 88
TABLE 35 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN EUROPE, BY TECHNOLOGY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 88
TABLE 36 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN EUROPE, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 89
TABLE 37 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN EUROPE, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 89
TABLE 38 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN UK, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 90
TABLE 39 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN GERMANY, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 40 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN FRANCE, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 41 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ITALY, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 93
TABLE 42 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN REST OF EUROPE, BY APPLICATION, 2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 94
TABLE 43 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN APAC, BY COUNTRY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 96
TABLE 44 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN APAC, BY TYPE,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 96
TABLE 45 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN APAC, BY TECHNOLOGY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 97
TABLE 46 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN APAC, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 97
TABLE 47 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN APAC, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 98
TABLE 48 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN JAPAN, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 99
TABLE 49 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN CHINA, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 50 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA, BY APPLICATION, 2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 51 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AUSTRALIA, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 52 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN REST OF APAC, BY APPLICATION, 2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 53 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 103
TABLE 54 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ROW, BY TYPE,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 55 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ROW, BY TECHNOLOGY,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 56 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ROW, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 105
TABLE 57 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ROW, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 58 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST, BY COUNTRY,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 106
TABLE 59 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD BILLION) 107
TABLE 60 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST, BY APPLICATION, 2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 61 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AFRICA, BY OFFERING,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 62 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN AFRICA, BY APPLICATION,
2015–2023 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 63 RANKING OF KEY CONCESSIONAIRES IN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION
MARKET, 2017 111
TABLE 64 PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2016–2018 112
TABLE 65 PARTNERSHIPS/COLLABORATIONS/AGREEMENTS/ACQUISITIONS 2016–2018 113
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 ETC MARKET SEGMENTATION 18
FIGURE 2 ETC MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 21
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 27
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 28
FIGURE 5 DATA TRIANGULATION 29
FIGURE 6 RFID-BASED ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEMS ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST MARKET SIZE IN 2017 31
FIGURE 7 BACK OFFICE & OTHER SERVICES ACCOUNTED FOR LARGER SHARE OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BASED ON OFFERING, IN 2017 32
FIGURE 8 TRANSPONDER/TAG-BASED TOLLING SYSTEMS ACCOUNTED FOR LARGER SHARE OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BASED ON TYPE, IN 2017 33
FIGURE 9 HIGHWAYS TO COMMAND ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET DURING 2018–2023 33
FIGURE 10 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY REGION, 2017 34
FIGURE 11 USE OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM AS EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OVERCOME TRAFFIC CONGESTION WITH IMPROVED TRAFFIC FLOW DRIVES MARKET GROWTH 35
FIGURE 12 TRANSPONDER/TAG-BASED TOLLING SYSTEMS AND HARDWARE HELD LARGER SHARE OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BASED ON TYPE AND OFFERING, RESPECTIVELY, IN 2017 36
FIGURE 13 RFID-BASED ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEMS HELD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2017 37
FIGURE 14 HIGHWAYS HELD LARGER MARKET SHARE THAN URBAN AREAS IN 2017 37
FIGURE 15 APAC TO WITNESS HIGHEST CAGR IN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2023 38
FIGURE 16 OPERATING COST AS PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL TOLL REVENUE 42
FIGURE 17 VALUE CHAIN OF ETC 45
FIGURE 18 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TYPE 49
FIGURE 19 TRANSPONDERS/TAGS TO GROW SIGNIFICANTLY DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD 51
FIGURE 20 AMERICAS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET FOR OTHER TOLLING SYSTEMS DURING 2018–2023 52
FIGURE 21 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 54
FIGURE 22 EUROPE TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SIZE OF MARKET FOR DSRC-BASED ETC SYSTEMS BY 2023 58
FIGURE 23 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY OFFERING 62
FIGURE 24 AMERICAS TO COMMAND ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, IN TERMS OF SIZE, FOR BACK OFFICE AND OTHER SERVICES DURING 2018–2023 64
FIGURE 25 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY APPLICATION 67
FIGURE 26 AMERICAS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SIZE OF ETC MARKET FOR URBAN AREAS DURING FORECAST PERIOD 69
FIGURE 27 PARAMETERS FOR CALCULATING TOLL AMOUNT 71
FIGURE 28 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY REGION 74
FIGURE 29 SNAPSHOT OF ETC MARKET IN AMERICAS 75
FIGURE 30 BACK OFFICE AND OTHER SERVICES TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGER SHARE OF EUROPEAN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BASED ON OFFERING,
BY 2023 89
FIGURE 31 SNAPSHOT OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN APAC 95
FIGURE 32 HIGHWAYS TO COMMAND ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BASED ON APPLICATION, IN APAC DURING FORECAST PERIOD 98
FIGURE 33 HARDWARE SEGMENT TO EXHIBIT HIGHER CAGR IN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN ROW DURING 2018–2023 104
FIGURE 34 COMPANIES ADOPTED PRODUCT LAUNCH AS KEY GROWTH STRATEGY
FROM 2016 TO 2018 110
FIGURE 35 RANKING OF KEY PLAYERS IN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, 2017 111
FIGURE 36 MARKET EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF TOP 5 PLAYERS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES FUELLED GROWTH AND INNOVATION FROM 2016 TO 2018 112
FIGURE 37 KAPSCH TRAFFICCOM AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 115
FIGURE 38 TRANSCORE (ROPER TECHNOLOGIES): COMPANY SNAPSHOT 120
FIGURE 39 RAYTHEON COMPANY: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 123
FIGURE 40 CONDUENT CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 126
FIGURE 41 THALES GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 129
FIGURE 42 CUBIC CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY): COMPANY SNAPSHOT 132
FIGURE 43 VINCI: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 135
FIGURE 44 SIEMENS AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 137
FIGURE 45 STRABAG SE (EFKON AG): COMPANY SNAPSHOT 139